Saturday, 9 July 2022

The Story of Sadhu Chor

 

Fakir Syed Saifuddin, the Director of Fakir Khana Museum, holds a prominent position as the custodian of the largest private museum in Pakistan. During my visit to the museum in 2015, he graciously shared numerous captivating historical tales about Lahore, providing insights into its rich heritage.

One such story dates back to the 17th century, during the reign of Mughal Emperor Mohammed Shah when Lahore was under the governance of Nawab Zakriya Khan. In those days, a famous and notorious character known as Sadhu Chor roamed the streets of Lahore. He was renowned for his audacious crimes and larger-than-life persona. In the bustling marketplace of Bazaar Machi Hatta, Sadhu Chor's friend owned a popular pakora shop. The delectable fried delicacies served there captured Sadhu's attention, and he began stealing food from the shop openly and regularly.

One fateful day, while on his usual pilfering mission, Sadhu noticed his friend's shop being dismantled. Curiosity piqued, he inquired about the reason behind this unexpected turn of events. The shopkeeper, with a heavy heart and a voice laden with despair, cursed Sadhu, lamenting how his relentless thefts had left him destitute. The losses incurred due to Sadhu's actions had forced him to close his business and seek refuge elsewhere, hoping to escape the haunting presence of the notorious thief.

Struck by the profound consequences of his actions, Sadhu implored the old man to wait for him at the shop until his return. Hours later, as darkness enveloped the city, a figure emerged from the shadows. It was Sadhu, carrying two large bags on his shoulders. He handed over the bags to the shopkeeper, declaring, "Here, today we settle our accounts." Intrigued and astounded, the shopkeeper opened the bags to find them filled with precious jewels. Before he could gather his wits and express his gratitude, Sadhu had vanished into the depths of the night.

The following morning, the city awoke to a state of frenzy. A grand heist had taken place at the palace of the Governor of Lahore, Nawab Zakriya Khan. Suspicion immediately fell upon Sadhu as all the evidence pointed in his direction. He was swiftly apprehended and ordered to return the stolen jewels. Refusing to comply, Sadhu faced the dire consequences of his actions. The Governor ordered a public hanging, determined to make an example out of Sadhu. After all, raiding the palace of a powerful ruler was a far cry from pilfering food from a humble shopkeeper.

On the day of the hanging, Sadhu was led to the gallows outside the Mori Gate, accompanied by a massive procession. Sadhu, with his larger-than-life persona, attracted a considerable crowd. Along the way, the procession passed by the very shop where the shopkeeper stood, his face etched with worry. Raising the two bags he had received from Sadhu, the shopkeeper made gestures indicating something to the condemned thief. In response, Sadhu firmly gestured back, rejecting whatever suggestion the shopkeeper had put forth. Undeterred, the shopkeeper took hold of the bags and joined the procession. By this point, Sadhu had reached the gallows, surrounded by a sea of spectators. Suddenly, his eyes caught sight of the old man as he maneuvered through the crowd, desperately signaling to Sadhu through gestures. The shopkeeper intended to convey that Sadhu should return the jewels, thus sparing his own life. However, before the old man could do more, Sadhu burst into a passionate speech, addressing the multitude before him. He proclaimed, "Whoever possesses the stolen items should keep them, for even their return would not save me. I have but one request. After my demise, use your share of the loot and construct water wells and temples throughout the city in my name. In this way, I hope to be remembered and forgiven for my misdeeds." The guards grew vigilant, attempting to locate the individual to whom Sadhu was speaking. It was akin to finding a needle in a haystack.

Sadhu's life was tragically cut short as the noose tightened around his neck. True to his request, wells and temples were subsequently built across Lahore, serving as lasting reminders of his tumultuous life and seeking redemption for his misdeeds.


Hazuri Bagh Pavilion, a Symbol of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh Sikh Empire (2016)



Date of Visit:- 16th May 2016

(All pictures taken by me, please respect the copyright)
The picture was taken from Badshahi Masjid Minarets on 05/16/2016

The Hazuri Bagh Baradari, located in Lahore, Pakistan, is an impressive structure built in 1818 by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, a Sikh ruler. Made of stunning white marble, the pavilion features intricately carved pillars, delicate cusped arches, and a mirrored ceiling in the central area where the Maharaja held court. Originally a two-story building, the baradari lost its upper level due to a lightning strike in 1932.

The Hazuri Bagh Garden, aptly named "Royal Garden," holds great historical significance as it witnessed significant events during the Sikh Empire from 1801 to 1849. It hosted the final darbar conducted by Sikh Emperor Ranjit Singh and the coronation of his son and successor following the Maharaja's passing.

During the Mughal era, Emperor Aurangzeb constructed a caravanserai called Serai Alamgiri, which fell into ruins with the decline of the empire. It was Maharaja Ranjit Singh's capture of Lahore in 1799 that sparked the restoration of the area's royal splendor, a process that took over fifty years to complete.

In 1913, Maharaja Ranjit Singh acquired the renowned Koh-i-Noor diamond from Afghan ruler Shah Shuja Durrani. To commemorate this monumental acquisition, a royal garden called Ranjit Bagh or Hazuri Bagh was planned under the supervision of Faqir Azizuddin. Jamadar Khushal Singh proposed the construction of a marble baradari pavilion at the center of the Bagh, despite initial disapproval from the Maharaja due to the difficulty of obtaining marble. Eventually, marble was sourced from various Mughal monuments in and around Lahore, including those previously belonging to Mughal royals such as Asif Khan, Zeb un Nissa Jhangirband, and Nur Jahan.

The renowned Sikh architect Tota Ram was entrusted with the design of the bagh complex. The pavilion, supported by sixteen pillars with delicate cusped arches, features twelve entrances and includes a basement with subterranean chambers. Its roof is adorned with elegant floral and bird motifs, complemented by mirror decorations. Ranjit Singh frequently visited the pavilion during his reign, using it to hold court with his generals and English guests. Despite having more than three entrances on each side, the Hazuri Bagh pavilion is still referred to as a baradari, which traditionally signifies a square structure with three entrances on each side, totaling twelve entrances. The two sides facing the Badshahi Mosque and the Raushnai Gate each have four entrances, while the remaining two sides have five. The baradari is elevated on a raised platform accessible via two sets of stairs on each side. Its façade is adorned with repurposed white marble from various Mughal monuments in Lahore, featuring relief work and jali work as prominent ornamental elements. The exterior of the baradari showcases elaborate arches with delicately rendered images of fruit dishes, vases, and peacocks. Stepping inside, visitors will find a central portion and an outer section connected by three archways on each side, creating an enclosed baradari within the main structure.

While the ceilings of the baradari are made of plain wooden planks, the central portion features exquisite Sikh period minakari (mirror work). Due to a shortage of white marble during construction, the flooring is made of stone instead.

The Hazuri Bagh Baradari is widely regarded as the architectural masterpiece of Maharaja Ranjit Singh's reign. It served as a venue for state affairs and imperial court proceedings. Maharaja Sher Singh, Ranjit Singh's son, also utilized the pavilion for official functions and personal pursuits. When the British took control of Lahore, the pavilion was repurposed as a bandstand where regular Sunday afternoon music performances took place.

Unfortunately, on July 19, 1932, the upper story of the pavilion suddenly collapsed, reducing it to a single-story structure. The debris was removed from the fort, and since then, it has remained at its current level. The historical significance of the pavilion is further highlighted by its use in displaying the bodies of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his son, Nau Nihal Singh, after their respective deaths.

According to Robert Montgomery, the Hazuri Bagh Baradari is considered the architectural masterpiece of Ranjit Singh's reign. Within this baradari, Ranjit Singh conducted state affairs and held discussions with his ministers and Sardars. Later, Maharaja Sher Singh, the son of Ranjit Singh and Rani Mehtab Kaur, utilized the gilded pavilion for his own court proceedings and displays of power. During the British rule in Lahore, the pavilion was repurposed as a bandstand, where music was played regularly on Sunday afternoons. However, the upper story of the pavilion unexpectedly collapsed on July 19, 1932, resulting in its current single-story structure. The debris was subsequently removed from the fort.

The Hazuri Bagh pavilion holds historical significance as it was used to display the bodies of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his son, Nau Nihal Singh, after their respective deaths.

The information you provided adds valuable insights into the history and transformation of the Hazuri Bagh Baradari.



Hazoori Bagh and Pavilion

 
Ceiling Minakari and cusped Arches


Standing in the Basement of Pavillion 

Cusped Arches



Cusped Arches

Basement

Basement 

Basement


Basement

Basement

Basement

Standing on the roof of Hazoori Bagh Pavillion 

Standing on the roof of Hazuri Bagh Pavillion 







Monday, 4 July 2022

A Great War Memorial Plaque in Bhasin Village Lahore (2022)

 03rd July 2022

World War I memorials 

Participation of Undivided India in World War I


The Forces of Undivided India played a significant part in both world wars and her 160,000 dead are buried and commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission in war cemeteries in 60 countries. India’s army, which by the end of the Second World War with two and half million men was the largest volunteer army the world had ever seen, suffered the heaviest losses but other branches of the Indian services also played their part. They served in many theatres of war from October 1914 when the first units arrived on the Western Front, to help stem the German assault, until the last months of the Second World War when Indian forces played a key role in the Allied victory in the East. In the First World War, they fought in the battles of Neuve Chapelle and the Ypres salient, and the campaigns in Gallipoli, East Africa, and Mesopotamia. They were with the British Expeditionary Force in France in the Second World War and went on to fight in the deserts of North Africa, in Italy, the Malay Peninsula, and Burma. In every theatre of war, they fought with distinction, winning countless decorations, including 40 Victoria Crosses, and were in the words of Field Marshal Auchinleck ‘second to none in soldierly spirit and pride of profession.’


You will find such commemorative stones of War participation all across Pakistani Punjab. I found one such commemorative stone in Bhasin village on the outskirts of Lahore.


The inscription states


"From this village 83 men went to great war 1914- 1919 of these 5 gave up their lives." 







The First World War (1914-1918) or the Great War for Civilisation, as it was known at the time, was a watershed event in modern world history. The events of that conflict changed the social and political map of the world forever. Its repercussions reverberate through time and many contemporary conflicts, particularly in the Middle East, trace their roots directly to the fallout of that war. Though a colony at the time, India actively supported the war effort in its bid to gain Dominion status. The overwhelming majority of mainstream political opinion in 1914 was united in the view that if India desired greater responsibility and political autonomy, it must also be willing to share in the burden of Imperial defence. As a result, India contributed immensely to the war effort in terms of both men and material. Her soldiers served with credit and honor in numerous battlefields around the globe: in France and Belgium,


in Aden, Arabia, East Africa, Gallipoli, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Palestine, Persia, Salonica, Russia, and even in China. By the end of the war, 1,100,000 Indians had served overseas at the cost of 60,000 dead. They earned over 9,200 decorations for gallantry including 11 Victoria Crosses. These figures include the contribution of over 26,000 Imperial Service troops who were a part of the Indian States Forces. Britain entered the war on 4 August 1914 in response to the German violation of the sovereignty of Belgium with whom she had an alliance and sent an Expeditionary Force to fight alongside the French. At this time the only regular forces available to Britain were its own army and the Indian Army. The Indian Army was not organized, trained, or equipped for a major war of the type that was to take place, but it was the only reserve that was immediately available. Mobilization commenced on 8 August 1914 and the Lahore Division embarked at Karachi on 24 August. Initially, this division was meant to proceed to Egypt for the defense of the Suez Canal but in view of the critical situation in France, it was ordered to proceed to Marseilles which it reached on 26 September 1914. After a few days of familiarization, it left for Orleans where it was deployed in the trenches on 24 October 1914. Trench warfare was entirely new to the Indian soldier. The trenches were a continuous line of wet and muddy ditches – a total contrast to the dry hills and scrub of the northwest Frontier where most of the Indian soldiers had received their baptism of fire. Moreover, the Indian troops arrived in their summer cotton uniforms totally unsuited to the winter conditions that they faced on their arrival in France. In the meanwhile, the Meerut Division had also reached France and by 20 October had also moved to the frontline. The two divisions were formed into an Indian Corps under Lieutenant-General Sir James Willcocks. The Corps relieved two British divisions, which held the line from Neuve Chapelle to Givenchy. It remained here for the next fourteen months fighting many battles which were to become world-famous in times to come.

Tuesday, 28 June 2022

Sikh Smadhi's and Hindu Temples in Satgarah, Okara (2017)


Tuesday, 2 May 2017


We were traveling from Okara towards Satgarah when we saw this Hindu Temple and Sikh Samadhi standing in fields across the road. 

A Sikh Samadhi on left and Hindu Temple on right 

Probably a Sikh Samadhi 


Smadahi of Behwal Das near Bhumman Shah Depalpur (2017)

 30°35'23.66"N, 73°39'18.10"E

Sunday, 15 January 2017



We were traveling on Depalpur Haveli lakah road, when we saw this samadhi standing in a dilapidated state in fields. Local villagers told this is the samadhi of Behwal Das, who was a famous Sikh chieftain of the area before the 1947 partition of Hindustan. 





An Unknown Sikh Samadhi Near Jalo Lahore (2015)


Thursday, 30 April 2015

My friend and his elders are living near Jalo Mor before the 1947 partition of Hindustan, and they told me that this desolated Sikh Samadhi standing in a dilapidated even before the 1947 partition of Hindustan. 

Now, this edifice comes inside a newly developed housing scheme and is at least considered protected from encroachment. 




Monday, 27 June 2022

Gurdwara Sri Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das Chuna Mandi Bazar, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan (2020)

Date of Visit:-     02ND FEBRUARY 2020 

Location - Chuna Mandi Bazar, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan


Associated with - Sri Guru Ram Das Ji





Gurdwara Sri Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das is situated inside Delhi Darwaza, near Purani Kotwali Chowk in Chuni Mandi.

Sri Guru Ram Das Ji was born at Chuna Mandi Bazaar at the site of Gurdwara Sri Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das on 24th Sept 1534 AD and spent the first seven years of his life here.

The ancestral home of Sat Guru was very small so when Kanwar Kharak Singh was born to Maharani Nakain she asked her husband, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, to rebuild the Gurdwara to celebrate the birth of her son.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh purchased the surrounding buildings from the Qazis and had a Gurdwara of dimensions 122'6 x 97'6 built.

This is a modest building, built in the style of Sri Harmandir Sahib. There is a courtyard on the west side. The Nishan Sahib is hoisted in the western corner.

Gurdwara Sri Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das was the place from where 'Singh Sabha Lehar' (Singh Sabha Movement) started. The Gurdwara remained under the control of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee from 1927 to 1947.

The Gurdwara is now under the control of the Pakistan Auqaf Department. There are 8 shops endowed in the name of this Gurdwara. At the time of partition in 1947, 18 Sikhs faced martyrdom and were brutally murdered by Muslims here.