Kasab Khana Mosque

This elegant mosque is situated just south of the Pakistan Railways Carriage and Wagon Shops and along the northern boundary of the Royal Palm Golf Club. During the time of Emperor Jahangir, a populous 'mohalla' or neighborhood was established here to settle the butchers, hence the area came to be called Mohalla Kasaban or the Butchers' Quarters. The butchers were settled far out east of the city as the city's Hindu population despised them for their line of work. 

The mosque was built by the mohalla people in 1649 AD. With Mugal's power dwindling in the mid-1700s, the Sikhs targeted the Butchers' Quarters twice and were warded off by the inhabitants. There were numerous smaller skirmishes due to which they eventually abandoned the mohalla to settle within the city walls. During this time, Kabuli Mal, who had been appointed by Ahmed Shah Durrani, was the governor of Lahore. In the time of Ranjit Singh, the mosque was used as a powder magazine and was under the occupation of General Gulab Singh, who divested it of its beautiful tank and used the bricks to build a house just north of the mosque. When the Sikh rule ended and the mosque was emptied of ammunition, it was occupied by Mian Ahmed Din who was the caretaker of Mian Wadda's Shrine and School on the claim that Mian Jan Muhammed, who at one time was the first Imam of the mosque, was a disciple of Maulvi Muhammed Ismail alias Mian Wadda. Jan Muhammed was a learned man of his time who died in 1671 AD and was buried in a walled enclosure to the north of the mosque.

Presently, the mosque is known as Taj Din Mosque (presumably some relation to Mian Ahmed Din).  It has three domes with the central one being significantly larger than the other two. The central arched entrance to the prayer chamber is flanked on either side by smaller ones. The facade has been renovated with modern tiles and on the inside, the domed ceiling has some beautiful cut-glass work of modern vintage. There is a peculiar tower-like structure in the southeastern corner, which was presumably used for announcing the call to prayer.

Smadhi of Mahan Singh father of Raja Ranjeet Singh

Mahan Singh Sukerchakia (d. 1792), was the Son of Sardar Charat Singh Sukkarchakia (d. 1770), and Mai Desan (d. 1778). He had a Sister named Raj Kaur, who later got married to Sardar Sahib Singh Dhillon (d. 1811), of Bhangi Misl.

He was married to Bibi Raj Kaur, the daughter of Rajah Gajpat Singh (d. 1789), a Sidhu Jatt of the royal Phulkian Jind State. His second marriage was to Bibi Mai Kaur, the daughter of Sardar Jai Singh, a Maan Jatt chieftain of village Mughal Chak, near Gujranwala, where the HQ of Mahan Singh was located. Bibi Raj Kaur, gave birth, to Ranjit Singh in 1780, at Gujranwala, who was destined to become the Sikh ruler of the Punjab, in 1799. Bibi Mai Kaur, also gave birth to a Son, he became the foster brother of Ranjit Singh.

Mahan Singh as the new leader of the Sukerchakia Misl he captured the Rohtas Fort from Nur ud-Din Bamezai, a general of Ahmad Shah Durrani. With the help of Jai Singh Kanheya he laid a four month siege to Rasool Nagar and captured the city from Pir Mohammed, its Chattha leader. The reputation he gained as a result of the siege led to Sardars loyal to the Bhangi Misl defecting to him He continued to expand his territory and captured Pindi Bhattian, Sahiwal, Isakhel, Kotli Loharan, and Jhang. In 1784-5, He used a feud between rulers to raid Jammu, but because he gained a great degree of wealth without sharing or informing his partner Jai Singh Kanheya, Jai Singh refused his attempts to reconcile. Maha Singh then created an alliance with Jassa Singh Ramgarhia and defeated the Kanheya Misl at the Battle of Batala. During the Battle of Batala Jai Singh Kanheya's son and successor, Gurbaksh Singh Kanheya, was killed.

His widow, Sada Kaur betrothed her daughter to Ranjit Singh, Maha Singh's Son. Sada Kaur would later succeed to the leadership of the Kanheya Misl and aided Ranjit Singh in his early victories. In 1792, he died during the siege of Sodhra in Gujranwala, which was being occupied by the Bhangi Misl.

Sunset & River Jhelum (Pictorial Blog) 260317

Jhelum River is a river that flows in India and Pakistan. It is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab. It is a tributary of the Indus River and has a total length of about 725 km (450 mi). In its course this river takes the form of a stream, which is a lovely site for camping in the trekking. 

Course of Jhelum River 

Jhelum River originates from a spring at Verinag, which is at the foot of Pir Panjal in the south-eastern part of Kashmir Valley. It then flows through Srinagar and Wular Lake and enters Pakistan through a deep ravine. The largest tributary of the Jhelum is the Kishenganga (Neelum) River, which joins near Muzaffarabad and enters into the Punjab. 

Gurdawara Pehali Patashi Fathe Bhinder

Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical science artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.

Whereas, Tragic from the lost historical architecture is a kind of heritage, which taking last breath’s of its being and about to be vanished from ground and eyes forever. The stories absorbed inside of glorious past from decades, centuries will be end with its loss.

I was wandering in outskirts of Daska in search of a pre-partition Gurdawara which is located in Fatah Bhinder village.
Fateh Bhinder is a small village of twenty, thirty houses. The two storey Gurdawara Building can be seen from a distance. It was constructed outside the village. The elevation of building is different from found other normally Gurdawara’s in Pakistani Punjab.  The doors and windows are constructed of Colonial style buildings Pattern. The covered area of Gurdawara is around 4 kanal. The area is owned by Uqaf Department Punjab and they have given it on lease. Most of the villagers living in Fatehe bhinder were migrated from India after partition. So before partition it was a Sikh population village. Near Gurdawara there is Langer khana building (Place to feed Sikh Pilgrims) as well. There is no building of such stature exists in nearby villages.

Our historian Friend Mirza Safder Baig was also along us during exploration of this Gurdawara. He told that this Gurdwara is of Pehli Patshahi meaning the "Gurdwara of the first master”, visited by Guru Nanak Sahib during his life. Gurdwara Fatehe Bhinder Sahib has been built to preserve the memory of this visit of revered Guru.
The existing condition of Gurduwara is in very bad shape. After partition nobody has done any effort to preserve this historical building. Soon it will be all debris and the last symbol of great legacy of Sikh’s in Fatehe Bhinder will be tragically lost from history for ever.

Fairy Meadow Polo Ground (Pictorial blog)

Mir Chakar Khan Tomb & Fort of Raja Raneet Singh Satgarah (Pictorial Blog)

The Punjab government has made the decision to preserve and restore two historical landmarks in Okara: the Satgarah Fort, constructed by Maharaja Ranjeet Singh approximately 180 years ago, and the tomb of Mir Chakar Khan Rind, a Baloch chieftain and folk hero, which predates the fort by over two centuries.

As a first step towards conserving and restoring these monuments, the provincial government has allocated a budget of Rs2.875 million. This funding will be utilized for archaeological surveys, documentation, and the development of a master plan to guide the conservation and development of the historic village of Satgarah in Okara. The project's PC-II has already been prepared, and documentation work is expected to commence next month.

Satgarah is a village located approximately 17 kilometers from Okara City. According to a concept paper prepared by the Punjab archaeology department, Mir Chakar Khan, a Baloch chieftain from the Rind tribe, migrated from Balochistan to the region in 1518. He settled in the present-day precincts of Okara and used the area as a base for his campaigns against the rulers of Multan. Mir Chakar Khan allied with Mughal emperor Humayun in his battles against Sher Shah Suri and established his power in the region. He is believed to have constructed a fort and a mosque near Satgarah village. Local residents believe that the site served as a Baloch graveyard and that Mir Chakar Khan was buried there in 1565.

In 1830, during his campaigns for Multan, Maharaja Ranjeet Singh constructed a fort on the site of the Baloch graveyard. He demolished the roof of Mir Chakar Khan's tomb, desecrated the grave, and incorporated it into one of the bastions of his fort. Although the Sikh fort still stands, it is in a dilapidated condition. The tomb was excavated and restored in 1960 by the then Multan commissioner, Atta Muhammad Khan Leghari, and was subsequently entrusted to the archaeology department. Despite a restoration effort in 2007 under the supervision of a provincial committee, the tomb remains in a state of disrepair. The plastering and alterations made during the restoration deviated from the original design, causing damage to the architectural and historical significance of the monument. The restoration work at that time focused only on the tomb, with no attention given to the Sikh-era fort or the site of Mir Chakar Khan's citadel.

The Satgarah village has been haphazardly developed around the fort and consists of old houses and fortification walls constructed with brick tiles. An annual congregation takes place at Satgarah, attracting Baloch people from neighboring areas and even from Balochistan.

The Punjab archaeology department has proposed a three-phase project for preservation and restoration. In Phase I, it is suggested that the entire site, including the Satgarah village, be protected under the Punjab Special Premises (Protection) Act 1985. Additionally, the department recommends the establishment of a small museum within the tomb or any other historically significant building in the village. Furthermore, it proposes the construction of a building for the Baloch congregation, equipped with facilities such as eateries.

Phase II entails the restoration of the fortification wall and other fort structures, as well as the preservation of selected village buildings based on their historical and architectural importance. The old Satgarah Baloch settlement would be retained and protected.

Phase III focuses on the preservation and restoration of old houses, the rehabilitation of the village area within the fort as a living monument, and the development of tourist facilities such as an information center, landscaped park, and outdoor congregation area