In the heartland of northwest India and the sweeping landscapes of Pakistan, resides a resilient community known as the Meghwal, or Meghwar, with cultural roots delving deep into history. Traditionally, they were the stewards of the land, cultivating fields along the banks of the Hakra River, herding cattle, and mastering the art of weaving. The Meghwals also recognized as Megh and Meghraj, primarily practiced agriculture until the drying of the Hakra River forced them into the vast deserts of Cholistan, leaving behind a legacy of ancient traditions and crafts.
One of the hallmarks of the Meghwals is their exceptional contribution to the art of embroidery and the textile industry. Their skilled hands have woven stories into the fabric, preserving their heritage through intricate stitches and vibrant colors. Despite the winds of change, the Meghwals have held steadfast to their roots, their essence as the sons of the soil intact, even amidst the process of desertification that transformed their ancestral lands into grazing fields.
Cholistan, once a cradle of the great Indus civilization, has witnessed the Meghwals persevering, their customs and rituals untouched by time. While cultural exchanges have left a mark, their adherence to age-old traditions remains unyielding. It is their steadfastness in preserving their rituals that sets them apart, a testament to their rich cultural heritage.
Historically, the Meghwals were recognized as Chamars and fell within the Shudra category in the structured system of Hindu caste. They once resided in regions like Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Marwar, West Punjab, and along the sacred banks of the Yamuna River. Over time, they migrated to the present-day Cholistan, which was once part of the Ex-state of Bahawalpur (1727), possibly belonging to Bikaner or Jaisalmer. Census records from 1901 confirm their presence in Cholistan, where they are divided into two distinct groups: Sindhi Meghwals and Marwari Meghwals.
Despite sharing sub-castes such as Gundhair, Lelarh, Jaipal, Parhad, and Punwaar, the Meghwals prefer not to intermingle, even within their own communities. An intriguing cultural distinction emerges between the Sindhi and Marwari Meghwals, evidenced by their social practices and customs. While Sindhi Meghwals residing in Drewar Fort maintain their unique identity, they do not intermarry with Sindhi Meghwals from Yazman, showcasing the subtle yet significant differences within their community.
These resilient Meghwals have become an integral part of various regions, including present-day Bahawalpur in Pakistan, Thar in Sindh, and Rajasthan in India. In Cholistan, they primarily engage in shepherding and cobbling, their handmade shoes adored by the local Saraiki populace. It's important to note that the Meghwals are not refugees but the ancient custodians of Cholistan. Many of them are registered voters, and some have been allocated land by the Pakistani government for agricultural pursuits.
For those who ventured into urban areas, diverse professions such as masonry, carpentry, contracting, and mechanics have become their means of livelihood. Yet, amidst changing landscapes and evolving professions, the Meghwals have held on to the thread of their identity, speaking the Marwari language and passing down their rich heritage to future generations.
In the heart of Cholistan, the Meghwals stand tall as guardians of an ancient legacy, weaving the tapestry of their culture with resilience, skill, and unwavering pride. Their story is not just one of survival but a celebration of heritage, reminding the world of the enduring spirit of a community deeply rooted in the sands of time.
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