Governor Kirpa Ram of Kashmir: Triumphs, Trials, and the Forgotten Baradari of Kunjah

23rd April 2023

(All images copyright 2023 Mirza Ali Usman Baig, text written in this article is the author's Research)

Diwan Mohkam Chand, a prominent figure in Punjab's history, held the position of chief minister (Diwan) under Maharaja Ranjit Singh during the Sikh Empire. His contributions were instrumental in shaping the political and administrative landscape of Punjab during a crucial era.

In December 1827, Maharaja Ranjit Singh appointed Diwan Mohkam Chand's grandson, Diwan Kirpa Ram, as the governor of Kashmir. Kirpa Ram's responsibilities included paying an annual tribute of 26 lakhs of rupees in cash, along with pashmina and shawl's worth 14 lakhs. Prior to this appointment, Kirpa Ram had held significant positions in Hazara and the Jalandhar Doab. Historian Griffin commended both father and son, recognizing them as exceptional governors of Kashmir. Known for their integrity and incorruptibility, they embarked on notable construction projects and established breathtaking gardens in Srinagar.

During Kirpa Ram's governorship, Kashmir faced several challenges. In 1828, a devastating earthquake struck, causing extensive damage to buildings and houses. Subsequently, a cholera epidemic further compounded the region's troubles. Additionally, rebellions led by the Bambas and Kakkas, instigated by Sayyid Ahmad Brelvi, posed significant threats to Kirpa Ram's governance.

In January 1831, Raja Faiztalab Khan of Bhimbar was expelled from his state by Raja Dhian Singh. Seeking refuge, Faiztalab sought shelter with Kirpa Ram in Srinagar. Dhian Singh persuaded Maharaja Ranjit Singh to dismiss Kirpa Ram for his act of defiance. Consequently, Kirpa Ram was imprisoned in Lahore. Recognizing the detrimental consequences of punishing honest and capable officers, a group of influential nobles in the Lahore Durbar advocated for Kirpa Ram's release during a conference on February 22, 1831. Eventually, the Maharaja freed Kirpa Ram upon payment of a fine amounting to 9 lakhs of rupees for his defiance. Disillusioned by the experience, Kirpa Ram requested permission to join his father in Banaras, but his appeal was denied. Instead, he received permission to visit Jawalamukhi. As a gesture of consolation, the Maharaja granted him the jagir (landed estate) of Kunjah, which had an annual worth of 3 lakhs, on December 14, 1831.

However, Kirpa Ram's bitterness regarding his imprisonment persisted, as he regarded it as a stain on his honor. Rejecting the notion of being treated like a common criminal, he chose not to return to Lahore and crossed into British territory. Despite attempts by the Sandharivalia chiefs and Maharani Chand Kaur to bring him back to Punjab, Kirpa Ram never returned. He passed away in Haridwar on November 11, 1843.

Diwan Mohkam Chand, the progenitor of the Diwan family, gained renown as a skilled and successful general. It was largely due to his military prowess that Maharaja Ranjit Singh established himself as the sole ruler of Punjab. However, even Diwan Mohkam Chand's military achievements failed to shield his son Moti Ram and grandson Kirpa Ram from continuous mistreatment, fines, confiscations, and eventual downfall.

The narrative surrounding Diwan Mohkam Chand and his descendants reflects the intricate complexities and challenges faced by influential families at the Sikh Court during this period. It underscores the delicate balance of power, shifting alliances, and the profound impact of political rivalries on the lives of individuals.

Meanwhile, on the outskirts of Kunjah, an abandoned Baradari stands in a state of complete neglect. This deteriorating structure is believed to have been constructed by Kirpa Ram after his exile from Kashmir. Even in its current dilapidated condition, the Baradari whispers stories of its former grandeur. Previously surrounded by a thriving fruit orchard, the Baradari featured tall arched entrances on either side and wells drilled to ensure the orchard's irrigation. Built with small bricks, some parts of the building date back to the mid-19th century. Its architectural design closely resembles that of Mughal buildings found in Punjab.

Over time, the once-lush garden surrounding the Baradari disappeared, giving way to crops cultivated by the local community. While a few arches of the northern entrance gates still manage to stand, they have succumbed to weathering and neglect. It is perplexing to note the lack of concerted efforts by relevant heritage authorities to preserve this historically significant structure.

BARADARI:-

Gateway of Baradari Garden

The Last left Hindu Temple of Kunjah and history of the town

23rd April 2023

(All images copyright 2023 Mirza Ali Usman Baig, text written in this article is the author's Research)

Once a humble village in the Gujrat district, Kunjah has transformed into a vibrant modern town. An old Hindu temple stands tall among the new developments and bustling streets, bearing witness to a golden past. This dilapidated structure, dating back to the early 20th century, showcases a vertical spire rising from the sanctum, overlooking what was once a prayer hall but now serves as a residential area. Unfortunately, the fate of this temple mirrors that of many other Hindu temples in Punjab, Pakistan. Adjacent to it, a parking stand now occupies the space once a serene pond, an integral part of this sacred temple.

Before the fateful partition of 1947, Kunjah boasted a diverse community, harmoniously coexisting with followers of different religions. Remnants of several elegant pre-partition Hindu buildings can still be found within the city, albeit most of them are now inhabited by migrant families who settled here after the partition. These architectural marvels are a testament to a rich cultural heritage and a reminder of the vibrant past that Kunjah once embraced.

The traces of human settlements in Kunjah can be traced back to the 4th century BC, offering a glimpse into the town's ancient origins. Some historians speculate that the place derived its name from Raja Kanjpal, while others attribute its significance to Ibrahim of Ghazna (1033 to 1099 AD), also known as Ibrahim Bin Masood, who utilized Kunjah as a base for his campaigns in Hindustan. Throughout medieval times, Kunjah remained strategically important, and during the Mughal period, King Alamgir graced the town with his presence. A mosque, named after him, once adorned the area, symbolizing its historical and religious significance.

In its prime, Kunjah was a fortified city, protected by robust walls that served as a defense against invading forces. Not too long ago, remnants of various monuments from the Sikh period could still be found, offering glimpses into the town's illustrious past. These included temples, samadhis, gardens, two palaces, a fort, a grand pool, a gurudwara later converted to a Mazaar, and a shamshan ghat (cremation ground). Regrettably, the passage of time has eroded these historical edifices, leaving only a handful of sites that continue to stand today. The aforementioned Hindu temple, with its weathered grandeur, serves as a poignant reminder of the town's history, while the Baradari from the Sikh era still echoes tales of its former glory.

As Kunjah evolves into a modern town, it is crucial to recognize the significance of its historical heritage. Preserving and safeguarding these remaining historical sites is essential to honor the town's diverse cultural past and to offer future generations a glimpse into their roots. By embracing and cherishing its rich history, Kunjah can pave the way for a harmonious future where the old and the new coexist, bridging the gap between eras and celebrating the town's remarkable journey through time.

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